Warp Speed Ahead! An Introduction to Warping Your Rigid Heddle

If you follow me on social media you will know that I recently had a warping disaster. Far too much cotton ended up in my garbage and my husband had to refrain from comments like, “I slid your loom over a bit to the left, hope that’s ok”. (Seriously, he thinks that’s funny!) Anyway, it led me to think a little more about warping and why I wanted to learn how to indirect warp. So, today, we’re going to look at different ways to warp your loom and why you might choose one way over another. I’m not going to go into all the details (we’ll do that over a few posts), but I’ll look at some pros and cons.

Let’s start with direct warping. In my opinion, this is where the rigid heddle shines! All you need is a loom, a peg and space. I have a stand. (By the way, I recommend a stand for everyone…it makes your warping life a breeze! Definitely worth sacrificing some yarn to purchase a stand.) Simply plunk your loom where you want it, fasten a peg or pegs to a dresser, stool, chair, counter, and warp. So simple! It’s fast, easy and if the warp is long enough you get to count a lot of steps! Plus, it’s portable, you can warp anywhere there is space! (I love warping on my balcony in the summer.) But it’s not for everyone. It’s easy for partners, children or pets to accidently knock the loom. Not everyone has a space long enough. If you need to leave mid-warp it might be challenging for others that live in your home. This isn’t great for people who have mobility issues either. I did once try to warp while sitting in an office chair and trying to scoot myself back and forth without standing up. It didn’t work, but that might be because I’m short and my feet didn’t sit comfortably on the floor: I have heard of people doing this successfully.

Next let’s look at indirect warping. Indirect warping means that you wind a warp separately from your loom. You then bring the warp to your loom and wind it on. You will need a warping board, and a place to hang it or lay it while warping. The newer Ashford looms have a built-in warping board but you will need to buy the pegs separately. If you aren’t sure if your loom has one, flip it over…if you have a built-in warping board, the underside of your loom will have holes for pegs to fit in. As you wind the warp, you need to create a cross and maintain that cross until the warp is threaded into the heddle. After threading the heddle, the warp needs to be attached to the back beam, then wound on. Compared to direct warping there are a lot of extra steps, and extra steps means more chances to make mistakes. On the flip side, you don’t need a lot of space and if you need to leave mid-warp, it’s easy to tuck away until later. I also know some people who wind multiple warps at a time. This is great if you want to travel…pre-wind warps, pack them in your suitcase and weave all vacation!

My personal experiences with indirect warping are very…mixed. I’ve had great success, reasonable success and one horrible mess. My suggestion is to try smaller warps with heavier yarns until you are confident. And then maybe a few more, just to be sure! Then maybe try a towel. If you have a friend who is experienced invite them to help. On the other hand, if you are a proficient floor loom warper, you will have no trouble with this…warp speed ahead!

Finally, you can combine the two methods, also known as hybrid warping. You will need a warping board (the one built into your loom won’t work unless you are using two looms). Place the warping board at the front of your loom and clamp it down. You will want the loom and board at the same level, so you may need to remove the loom from its stand. Warp the loom as usual, but instead of walking the yarn to the peg, wrap it around the pegs on the warping board to get the desired length. This is the best of both worlds. I have warped and wound without ever standing up (I wanted to see if it was possible). This takes up less space than direct warping, works for those with mobility issues, is easy to set aside if for some reason you cannot complete your warp all at once, and has fewer steps than indirect warping.

So there, a very brief overview of the three ways to warp your rigid heddle. I haven’t gone into method or detail, I’ll save that for future posts. As for my opinion? I love direct warping. If I didn’t teach, I would never warp any other way, but since I teach and I want to make sure that weaving is as accessible as possible to every person, I think it is important for me to learn all the ways so I can pass useful information on to you, the weavers!

Here’s a few fun facts and just general information about me and warping:

1. I use an Ashford 14’ warping board for hybrid and indirect warping. I kinda wish I bought the larger size.

2. I attached my warping board to my window with suction cups to wind my warp. I was afraid they would not hold, but it was fabulous. My board was at just the right height and firmly planted. Far better than anything else I have tried! (I used 3 suction cups.)

3. It took me 5 hours to ruin my tea towel warp with indirect warping. That was winding the warp, taking it to the loom, threading the heddle (badly) and deciding it was beyond redemption. It took me slightly more than an hour (like an hour and 10 minutes or so) to direct warp the same pattern, and wind it onto the back beam and tie onto the front warping stick. That included a brief break when my husband came home, taking pictures and notes for a new pattern and responding to a few text messages.

4. I have a floor loom and warp it sectionally, which I love. (If you have a floor loom, get a sectional beam, it is life-changing!!!) My first floor loom did not have a sectional beam, I have never had a smooth transition from warping board to loom. I think I need a class!

Let's Talk About Colour

Let’s talk about colour. It seems to be either something we love or something we dread. We often believe that we are either “good” or “bad” at putting colours together. But just like most things, we can learn.

I am not going to discuss colour theory, I’ll leave that for the people who can explain it better than I understand it! What I will talk about in this post is confidence, the world around us and playing. I’ll tell you how I pick colours and hopefully give you some resources to build your own sense of colour.

First, colour is highly individual. It is likely that a colour combination that you don’t like will be loved by someone else. And what you love will horrify someone else. I grew up having been taught that orange and pink do not belong together—ever! (My mom has some very strong opinions.) Imagine my initial shock when I saw a woman wearing a one-piece pantsuit with the left side a bright fuschia pink and the right side the brightest of hunter oranges I had ever seen! My internal dialogue had to quickly recalibrate (Doesn’t she know better? What confidence! Wow, that’s really beautiful!) Now, I’m still not an orange/pink combo kinda person, but I admit it can work and even used them in the same project a time or two.

So my first word of advice is to let go of all your preconceived notions about colour. Approach colour with a “no holds barred” attitude. If you need help with this, go look at nature. I’ve never heard someone, when viewing a field of wildflowers, complain that the flowers clash! (If you can’t get out to see nature, check out wildflower pins on Pinterest.) I sometimes wonder if they all work together because they have a colour in common (green) that ties everything together. I incorporate this idea in my weaves. When I want to use many colours I will often use 1 colour to separate the many colours. White, black and natural are all good choices. Lately I’ve been using a deep deep purple, navy blue or a very dark green. I find them a little less stark than white or black can be.

I live in a province that delights in colour. Like many ocean communities, we have old towns with old houses painted in bright colours (think Jelly Bean houses). So my next suggestion is to take note of the colour combinations around you. Take pictures and set up an album of colour combinations. It might be a piece of art, a row of houses, packaging, even a plate of food!

Finally, my last bit of advice is to get out of your comfort zone. We all have colours we are drawn to. (If you aren’t sure what colours are your go-to’s, organize your closet by colour, your favourites will be easy to see!) Deliberately choose colours you wouldn’t normally use. A great start is a skein of sock yarn in colours you don’t usually pick. Sock yarn is great because it is relatively easy to find a matching weft, just pick one colour from the sock yarn. Noro yarn is another great option…Noro skeins seem to have every colour and still look great!

I have a few physical resources I use too. I of course have a professional colour wheel. It helps me when I want to mix colours I would not usually put together. or finding a good “pop” colour. I also have a book, which while it has great information, and I did read it, I use mostly for the colour combinations! This book (The Complete Color Harmony Pantone Edition) is divided into “Moods” and has dozens of 3-5 colour combinations and even proportions! It is a fabulous book to add to your library.

Want to try some colourful projects? Check out these patterns! Each of these are bright cheerful patterns. Some put together surprising combinations, some will show how colours play together and some show the difference weft can make. Each will challenge you colour-wise but all will give you a beautiful set of tea towels to enjoy! Click on the images for more details and to purchase.

A Peek at How I work

Today I though I’d give you a peek at what it’s like inside my head. It’s a scary place, chock full of ideas, plans and sometimes paralysis! I’m an idea person…that means I see something and I think hmmm…how can I do that? But I’m also a vision person…which means I see a yarn and it must be X.

I’m also an organized person. I have lists of patterns to write, patterns to try, patterns to update, blog post ideas, yarns to try, products to try and review, you get the idea. So many lists! (and may I just say that I got a Kindle Scribe for Christmas, which I understand is a reading tool, but it has a pen and a notebook feature and it is the best paper replacement I have ever written on and now I’m back to writing on technology rather than the beautiful notebook bought specifically for that purpose). But I’m also anti-list so I make a list of things to do on a specific day but I get to that day and I do something totally different because I can’t be ruled by a list. So I add the new things I did do to the old lists (because I like crossing things out) and the old things don’t get done but at least I’ve achieved something.

Most days I start working about 7:30 am. I start with the brain work…pattern writing, blog posts, newsletters. Unexpectedly, I’m really enjoying these tasks and they are beginning to take up more of my time. I’ve always loved writing and since I know people are actually reading my blogs and newsletters (thank you to everyone who takes the time to comment, it means a lot to me) it’s quite fun to do. I make a cup of tea in my favourite mug and settle in at the kitchen counter for a couple hours of “head work”.

Now, I (sadly) cannot live by weaving alone, so things like grocery shopping and cleaning and laundry all need to get done as well as working 3 days a week. So after my brain feels fried, I take a break and get some of the mundane tasks done while I ponder what to put on my loom. And this is where the paralysis might happen.

I don’t have a huge stash, but it’s a decent size. And I have lists of projects to do, so in theory, I should just be able to look at my list, grab the required yarn and get started. But sometimes I just can’t make a decision. Or I can’t make a colour decision, or I don’t have the “right” colour. This is when my husband might walk in on me in the closet with all my yarn scattered everywhere and listen to me lament that I don’t have the right yarn! He does not understand, but he tries. Actually he’s great, he just tells me to go buy it!

(And speaking of my husband, he is absolutely my biggest fan! He has never complained about the mess or as my weaving has slowly eaten up all the living space we have, he has the best ideas, and he encourages me to buy more stuff! He’s even picked up some of the terms and can used them correctly! He has put his foot down when it comes to me getting another loom, but I know if I got another one, he’d be ok with it. I currently have a 60” floor loom, an inkle loom and a 20”, 30”, 32” and 48” rigid heddle. And he solves my technology issues because technology issues make me cry!)

But now I’ve got all the yarn laid out and some say they want to be one thing, and others want to be something else and somehow I never have exactly everything I need for a whole project and as I go through the yarns I’m reminded of ideas that haven’t made it to the list yet, and my yarn should be sorted better and how should I sort it, and now my head is so full that I can’t think anymore and my paralysis is complete. (Please tell me I am not alone in this!)

I have tried to solve this issue by putting projects in bags, everything in the bag required for a single project, 3 or 4 projects ready to go so I don’t have to think, but when it comes time to warp the next project I don’t want to be ruled by the decisions of my past self. *sigh*

If the paralysis has truly taken over, I peruse my Pinterest boards for inspiration. And if that doesn’t help, I kick-start the process by warping a tea towel. Because the only way to get unstuck is to get started on something, anything! Once I get one project going, it seems to relieve the paralysis and I can decide what to put on the other looms too.

Then, once I get started weaving, I can easily weave until 10 or 11pm when my eyes won’t stay open any longer! So I sleep, and then I get up and start the whole process again!

I do hope you have found this entertaining, and maybe affirming…if you are like me you aren’t alone. And maybe you have ideas to help me? Storage and organization ideas, how to pick the next project ideas, how to stop rebelling against my past self, how to ease the longing for a new loom…

Threading the Heddle Made Easy!

I love weaving. And I love efficiency! Here’s a little trick I learned and pass onto students in my classes. The first time I taught it, they thought it was magical. I hope that you find it useful too!

After you have your warp all wound up and you are ready to thread the heddle, try this:

1. Gather up a handful of ends (it doesn’t matter how many, I’ll gather up a few inches worth).

2. Holding the ends, pull them out so there is a little tension on them. Using your threading hook, slip the hook under 1 end of each pair. I promise that this gets easier as you practice…and it’s worth slowing down now to be faster later!

3. Lift up the ends that are on top of the hook and drop the remaining ends. Grab the ends on the hook and hold onto them. These are the ends that you will thread through the holes.

4. Raise up the ends in your hand to the top of the slots. Slip the threading hook through the desired hole. Lower the ends in your hand, hook the warp end you want and pull it through the hole. Repeat across the loom. As you lower the ends, the outer-most end should naturally fall right on the hook for easy hooking. Be sure to tie a slip knot when you are done your bundle so if the reed falls your warp will not fall out!

Weaving isn’t about speed (though I do like efficiency), but I’m pretty convinced that if you give this method a fair try, you will find that it is easier. That it’s also faster is just a side benefit!

Here’s a video.

Ready to hone your skills with some practice projects? Here are a couple of patterns perfect for your practice sessions. From left to right: The Tranquility Wrap, My First Scarf and Crossroads Tea Towel.

Happy Weaving!

Why is my Weaving Crooked?

Have you ever been weaving away and suddenly you realize that your weaving is crooked? That one side is way higher than the other? Maybe that happens to you a lot, or maybe on just certain types of projects. For me, this is most likely to happen when I’m working with really fine yarn. Today we’re going to look at possible reasons this happens, how to prevent it, and how to fix it if it does happen.

If you are in Facebook rigid heddle weaving groups looking for solutions, the most common response is tension. *Maybe* the issue is tension. I’ve rarely found this to be the issue for me; though I strongly recommend spending a little extra time learning to warp and wind well. (If your weaving is smiling or frowning, that IS a tension issue.)

I found the answer browsing through comments on floor loom pages. There, the solution is first to make sure your loom is square and second, check your body.

1. Make sure your loom is square: since you have a rigid heddle, it is hard for it to get out of square…it does not take the beating (see what I did there) that a floor loom does. However, it’s good to go over your loom regularly and make sure all the screws are tight.

2. Check your body: this is likely where the problem starts. We each have a dominant side. For most it is likely your right side. That side is stronger and might press just a little harder than the left. This will cause the right side to be lower while the left side is higher. I have three solutions.

a) Make sure you are sitting square to the loom and centered in the middle;

b) Move the dominant hand (the hand on the side that is lower) slightly closer to the middle of the reed. Even an inch can make a difference. This changes how you press putting less pressure on the dominant side;

c) If a and b don’t work, move your body slightly to to the higher side…again, just an inch can make a difference.

3. Once you have checked and adjusted as per #1 and #2, pay attention to your reed. I often see weavers pull the heddle forward and have it tilted toward the front of the loom. I recommend tilting the reed toward the back of the loom. When the reed is tilted back, you can see exactly what is going on at the fell line (where the new weft meets the woven work) allowing you to place the weft precisely where you want it. Your eye should do a quick run from side to side to make sure the weft is square. I eyeball it with the cross bar under my loom. Others suggest lining it up with lines you have drawn on your loom. Gently press the weft into place with a single, gentle (like a kiss) movement. If possible, try to refrain from a double or triple beating. Three beats means three chances to press harder on one side!

4. Check your work regularly…as you train your eyes, they will learn to catch the slant as soon as it happens! I can see when it is 1/16” off. (I think my students dread when I do a double-take walking by their work!)

There, four ways to prevent the slant from happening! But what if the slant is there? If you’ve caught it early, less than a quarter inch, pay particular attention to the reed. Press slightly harder on the raised side and less hard on the lower side until everything is even again. It won’t be perfect but it will even out in the wet finishing. If it’s between a quarter and a half inch, use a pin to move the threads to even things out. If it’s more than a half inch you should probably unweave until things are even again.

Happy Weaving!

More On Pick-Up Sticks

I’ve already written a blog covering pick-up sticks, you can read it here. Since writing this blog though, I have learned so much more! So today we’re going to look at combining plain weave and pick-up patterns.

Combining plain weave with weft floats is easy, just insert the stick and away you go! But adding in warp floats can cause some issues. I did learn how to add plain weave borders to waffle weave, but it was a bit cumbersome. Here’s a video. For a while I was stuck with this and adding waffle weave (or any warp floats) combined with plain weave was too complicated to attempt. Then, as happens when an idea is percolating in your mind for a few months (or in this case, years), the solution just came to me. Two pick-up sticks!

Normally, pick-up sticks are inserted with the heddle in the down-shed and the pick-up stick will go over some ends, but will mostly sit in the shed. If, however, the pick-up stick sits mostly on top of the warp, warp floats are easy! Placed correctly, 2 pick-up sticks can be inserted and used without removing them. One stick will be used to create the weft floats, the other creates the warp floats.

The Mini Plaid Tea Towels is a perfect combination of plain weave and waffle weave. A waffle weave is usually created with the use of a single pick-up stick. The warp floats are made when the heddle is in the up position and the pick-up stick is flat and slid to the back of the reed. The weft floats are made when the heddle is in neutral and the pick-up is on edge behind the reed. Let’s look at what’s going on with the pick-up sticks in the Mini Plaid pattern.

The bottom (or first) pick-up stick is the stick that is inserted as usual. When the heddle is in the neutral position and the pick-up flipped on edge, all the ends on top of the stick will be raised up. When the weft passes through, it will go under those raised-up ends and form the weft floats.

Let’s visualize what would happen if I used this stick for the warp floats of the waffle weave. The heddle is in the up position, so all the hole ends are raised up. The pick-up is slid forward behind the reed, raising up all the slot ends on top of the pick-up stick. Pay attention to the middle of the picture where 7 ends (7 slots in a row) are on top of the stick. The holes are raised up because the heddle is up, and the slots below are also raised because they are on the pick-up stick. That means the underside of the work has a 13-end float!

Now, we could move the pick-up stick back and forth as in the video I mentioned earlier. That would be quite complicated. BUT if we add a second pick-up stick, we can weave quite easily! So let’s examine the top pick-up stick in the photo.

The top (or second) pick-up stick is a little unusual as it sits on top of most of the warp. Note that it is going under the same ends as the bottom pick-up stick only in the patterned area. Now, when the heddle is up and the second pick-up stick is slid forward, the pick-up stick does not interfere with any of the plain weave ends.

Note that the top pick-up stick (the one that creates the warp floats) goes under the same ends as the bottom pick-up stick in the patterned area only. This allows them to move smoothly past each other as needed. The easiest way to insert this second pick-up stick is to place the heddle in the down position and with the second pick-up on top of the warp, slip it under the same ends as the first pick-up in the patterned sections only. Here’s a video of how it all works together.

And that’s it! Easy to weave plain weave and waffle weave together! Want to try it for yourself? Try these patterns: Mini Plaid Tea Towels or The Boy Friend Scarf.

Reading My Patterns

This is not a post about how to read drafts! I have no trouble reading a draft designed for a shaft loom but I honestly have a terrible time reading a draft for a rigid heddle that uses a pick-up stick, or multiple pick-up sticks. And I know that many rigid heddle weavers have the same trouble. I hear it all the time in the shop! So, I write my patterns differently from the standard rigid heddle patterns. There is no “typical” draft. In fact, I write my patterns very similar to (or in the style of) a knitting pattern. It’s pretty intuitive to me, but I still get lots of questions, so I thought I’d explain here.

I can’t add arrows in the text of my blog, so we’ll be referring to pictures. The following pictures are typical of what you will find in my patterns that require pick-up sticks or string heddles. Before we get into the symbols though, let’s quickly review pick-up sticks.

Pick-up sticks create warp and weft floats. Floats are created when either the warp ends skip over 2 or more weft ends or the weft skips over 2 or more warp ends. We often do this mistakenly. Done deliberately, some very intricate patterns can be created.

To create a weft float, the heddle is always in the neutral position with the pick-up stick behind the heddle and on edge. It will always follow an up-shed, or said differently, it will replace a down-shed. To create a warp float, the heddle is always in an up-shed and the pick-up stick is slid flat behind the reed. It always comes after a down-shed, or “adds to” the up-shed. For a more detailed look, here’s a previous blog post: Pick-up Sticks Will Explode Your World.

Ok, onto my method! I use arrows and dashes. Up arrow means the heddle is in the up position, downs arrow means the heddle is in down and the dash means the heddle is in neutral. Pretty easy right? The complications come when multiple symbols are used together like step 1 in the picture to the right. Read the symbols from left to right (just like reading this page) and then “read” your heddles and pick-up sticks from the front of your loom to the back. If you are using 1 heddle, the first symbol refers to the heddle, the second to the pick-up stick. So in the picture to the right, the first pattern line tells us that the heddle is in the neutral position and the pick-up stick is used (this will give us a weft float). We know that since the heddle is in neutral, the pick-up is turned on edge.

This next example is a little more complex because it uses 2 pick-up sticks. Step 1 tells us the heddle is in the neutral position and pick-up stick A is used on edge. Because the heddle is in neutral, we also know the pick-up is on edge (just in case the pattern doesn’t say). Steps 2 and 3 use just the heddle, first in the up-shed, then in the down-shed. The fourth step has 2 up arrows. Reading from left to right, and then from the front of the loom to the back, the heddle is in the up position and uses pick-up B. Since the heddle is up, we know that the pick-up will be flat behind the heddle.

Finally, the most complex! This pattern uses 2 heddles and 2 pick-up sticks. That means some steps have 3 symbols. Let’s look at step 1. Reading from left to right we see 2 dashes then P/U A. Reading our loom from front to back, this tells us that both heddles are in the neutral position and we will be using pick-up A. Since the heddles are in neutral, we know that pick-up A is on edge.

Step 2 has 2 up arrows, so both heddles are up and no pick-up is used. Step 3 is the same as step 1. Let’s move to step 6. Here we see 2 up arrows and P/U B. Again, looking at our loom, both heddles will be up, and pick-up B will be used. Since the heddles are up, we know that the pick-up stick will be flat behind the heddle.

Next blog I’ll discuss inserting pick-up sticks “The Rogue Weaver” way and things I’ve learned to make my pick-up life easier. I love pick-up patterns and the complex weaves that can be done with just a few sticks!

In the meantime, if this blog made sense to you, you can weave up any of my patterns!

Tea Towels: 8/4 or 8/2 doubled?

I weave a lot of tea towels. Tea towels are perfect for trying out new patterns and seeing how colours play together. Even if in the end, the pattern didn’t work as hoped, you still have a useable tea towel! I generally use 8/2 cotton doubled, which leads to the question: why use 8/2 instead of 8/4 cotton?

It’s a good question, I could use 8/4…it would be faster to warp and easier to weave as there is no need to double the weft, but I have 4 reasons why I use 8/2 over 8/4.

1. While warping, I thread the slots and holes. So while I’m warping, I will see 2 threads in each slot and 2 threads in each hole. Each pair of threads is counted as 1 end. Then, after winding, I can tie on and start weaving…I skip the step of taking one end from a slot and moving it to a hole.

2. It’s super easy to have colours with a single or odd number of ends. With 8/2 cotton, to have a single end of colour, I just thread the desired slot or hole and its done! If I was using 8/4 cotton, I would need to do one of 2 things:

a) Tie the colour to the back warping stick, run it through the slot then cut and tie at the warping peg; or:

b) At the threading stage I can rearrange the ends to fit the colour order.

A Log Cabin threaded using 8/4 for example will need the threads rearranged when threading the heddle. However, using 8/2 doubled means I can arrange the threads in order while I warp!

Warping single end stripes can also highlight a pattern.

See the diagonal yellow in the center? This is tracking.

3. Tracking: these are the diagonal lines that appear in your weaving after wet finishing. Everything looks great on the loom, then when the towels come out of the washing machine it is covered in lines. There are various reasons why tracking happens which I am not going to cover today (mostly because I don’t understand the technicalities yet!) but I do not like tracking. It’s a personal preference, if you like tracking, that’s ok! I rarely experience tracking when using 8/2 but it often happens with 8/4.

4. Finally, I just like the feel of 8/2 doubled better than 8/4 single. It might just be my imagination, but I think they feel softer.

Are there disadvantages to using 8/2 over 8/4? Well, it is a little bit harder to wind the weft evenly on your shuttle. And if your tension isn’t tight enough it can be easy to go under only 1 thread instead of the the 2 threads that make up a single end. But over all, I will always choose 8/2 over 8/4!

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Want to try some towels with more complex warping patterns? Check these one out. You can click the picture for more info or to purchase the pattern.

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Split Plying and Weaving Single Picks

This is not an exciting blog. I’m not sure technique posts are ever exciting. I do think that weaving is worth doing well though, and this is a technique that will up your weaving skills.

This project had a lot of colour changes and I split the plies. After wet finishing the changes are invisible.

A common question I see on FB groups is about changing colour: how long to carry a colour up the side, how to reduce bulk at the changes, where to change colour etc. My way is not the only way and you should absolutely do what makes you happy and gives you the results you like.

If you’ve read my blogs and posts, you will know that I strive for visual perfection. I want my weaving to look perfect. Not machine made: hand weaving will always be distinguishable from machine woven fabric and should be, but I don’t want visible mistakes. So I’ve worked to perfect the colour change.

Here’s how I do it.

Step 1: Weave the last pick of the colour. After the shuttle leaves the shed, clip the end leaving about a 2” tail.

Step 2: Untwist the fibre in the tail and split the plies in half. (I’ll discuss single ply weft later)

Step 3: Pull half the plies out of the weaving about an inch into the shed

Step 4: Take the remaining pies, wrap them around the last warp end and send them back through the shed overlapping the other ply and a bit past into the full fibre

Step 5: press the weft into place. Do not trim the tails until after the piece has been wet finished.

That’s it! It’s not hard, but it is time consuming, particularly if there are a lot of colour changes. Here’s a video: https://youtu.be/VHmaK8LCKIc

Now, about carrying yarn up the side…if the carried yarn is the same colour as the warp, go for it! IBe sure to catch the resting weft with the working weft. f they are different colours, I’ll only carry up a maximun of 2-3 picks. I find it really shows and I don’t like how it looks. But you do what gives you the result you want!

The green shows the overlap of a single pick doubled…its virtually invisible!

And finally…a single pick of a colour. This is pretty easy if you are using your weft doubled. Have a shuttle with the weft wound single. Send the shuttle through the shed leaving a long tail. Press into place, do not change sheds. Split the plies of the tail. Wrap the tail around the last warp end and send it through the same shed about halfway or so. Wrap the shuttle around the last warp end and send it back through the shed. Bring it out of the shed just before you meet the weft from the other side. Clip leaving a tail long enough to overlap the first tail. Split the plies, and weave it back into the shed overlapping the other end. Press into place. Don’t clip any ends until after wet finishing. That’s it! If there are lots of single picks, I like to stagger when my yarns overlap. Here’s a video: https://youtu.be/9mflcqlshJ0

One final thing, I said we would talk about single ply yarns. If your warp is heavier than the weft, I don’t worry too much about bulk or the change being seen. Simply wrap the weft around the last warp end and weave about an 1” back into the same shed. Press into place. Otherwise, single ply yarns will usually split if you untwist it. Just be careful because it will also want to pull apart.

Cotton and that Pesky Lower Shed

I weave tonnes of tea towels, which means I use A LOT of cotton. I think cotton is great and I love weaving with it, but it has some unique challenges. One of them is that pesky lower shed. You all know exactly what I’m talking about, in fact, I bet you are all groaning about it right now! I’m not gong to promise to solve all your problems, but here’s how I eliminate (mostly) that sagging shed.

First, let’s talk about why this happens. When the heddle is lifted to the up shed, the ends get a little stretch as they go up. When the heddle is lowered, the stretch is released. Yarns with a little bit of stretch in them can easily accommodate the slight changes. Cotton on the other hand has no stretch. So the extra stretch that is needed in the up shed results in a loose down shed. This is frustrating for weavers, especially for new weavers who wonder what they have done wrong. Here’s how I tie on and start warping and I rarely have a loose lower shed.

1. Tie on in neutral. When you tie on, make sure that the holes and slots form a nice even line of threads across the loom. (see pictures 1 and 2 below)

2. After tying on, weave in 2 warping sticks, 1 in the up shed, one in the down shed. Press them firmly into place. The lower shed will still sag, see picture 3 below.

3. Return the heddle to neutral and tighten up the tension. I use a very high tension. Don’t worry (too much) about harming your loom, I have woven hundreds, maybe even more than a 1000 tea towels on my Ashford loom and it works as well as it did when I first bought it. As long as you can raise the heddle to get the upper shed, you should be fine. Note the flat even lower shed in picture 4. Here’s a video

Generally, this solves the problem. Even if my lower shed is a little loose I will start weaving. By the time I have woven about an inch, the shed has almost always tightened up. If in the very rare case it hasn’t, place the heddle in the down shed. Slide a pick up stick into the shed behind the reed and slide it back to the back beam. Leave it in for the duration of the project sliding it back as far as possible each time you wind forward.

I recently used Yoga Cotton by Ashford. This cotton is designed specifically with this problem in mind. It has a nylon core that is completely covered with cotton. The 18% nylon adds just enough stretch to eliminate the sag.

Happy Weaving!

String Heddles

Let’s talk about string heddles, what they are, how to make them and why you might use them.

If you follow me, you know I like to push the limits of rigid heddle weaving, but at the same time, I want weaving to be easy and fun. And I love pick-up sticks!!! Often when I use multiple pick-up sticks they slide over each other so need to be inserted only once. However, I also have patterns where one pick-up stick needs to be reinserted each time it is needed. When I first started weaving with multiple sticks, I didn’t mind reinserting the stick each time. And really, I still don’t most of the time. I put off using string heddles because I didn’t want to stop weaving long enough to make them. Then I didn’t really like them because they sometimes came untied while weaving. But I’ve learned a few things and now I like string heddles!

What are String heddles?

String heddles are exactly what they sound like…string that acts as a heddle around a single warp end. Your rigid heddle has slots and holes. Each warp end is threaded into a slot or hole and the movement of the heddle determines which ends go up and which stay down. When you weave you will notice that the slots stay level and the holes either move up or down. String heddles will only be used on ends that are in slots are used the same way as a pick-up stick adding up to 2 extra sheds!

How to Make String Heddles

You can make your own string heddles. It really isn’t hard, just time consuming. You will need an extra reed, 8/4 cotton and a pair of scissors.

Sitting in a comfortable chair, rest one end of the reed on the floor and hold the reed between your knees. Wrap the cotton once around the reed and tie a square knot. Cut the ends short. Done, you now have 1 string heddle! I leave the heddles on the reed until I have made them all. I keep them in groups of 10 to make counting easier. So after I have 10, I slide them all together down the reed, then make the next 10, slide them down leaving a space between them and the previous 10. Here’s a video: https://youtu.be/MkjMSigjMOs

As I mentioned earlier, I put off using string heddle because I didn’t want to take the time to make them. And I have a solution for that…texsolv heddles!!!! These are premade heddles for floor looms, but they work great as string heddles and have several advantages: they do not come untied, they do not stick or get fuzzy, they are all the same size and best of all, you do not have to tie them!! They are more expensive, I bought the 9.5” heddles from LeClerc for about $27/100. They come as a single long “string” so do need to be cut apart. Be careful when cutting to ensure that you are cutting in the right spot. Switching from handmade cotton heddles to texsolv has definitely improved my weaving life! If you have a choice, buy the shortest heddles available. (Bonus, you can use these on your inkle loom too!)

Inserting String Heddles

If you can insert a pick-up stick, you can insert string heddles. You will need 2 pick-up sticks or shuttles a little longer than the warped width in the reed, string heddles, and painter’s tape.

Insert the pick-up stick as usual. The string heddles will go around the warp ends that are on top of the pick-up stick. Count these ends and count out the right number of heddles (this acts as a check at the end). Starting at one end, add the first string heddle. Put it under the warp end, then fold the heddle up and place both ends on the second pick-up stick. I usually wait until I have a number of string heddles inserted and on my fingers before putting them on the second stick. Here’s a video: https://youtu.be/zw3FRtq5yQ4

Work your way across the loom. If you counted out the right number of heddles before you started, you should have no heddles left. As a second check, place the heddle in neutral and flip the pick-up on edge. Every end on the pick-up should have a heddle. Flip the pick-up flat and pull up the stick with the heddles: it should lift all the ends off the pick-up stick. You can now remove the pick-up stick.

Use painter’s tape to tape the heddles so they can’t slide off the pick-up stick (now called a heddle rod). I run one strip from end to end then wrap tape around each end.

Here’s a few things to note when using string heddles:

If you are using a pick-up stick and string heddles, the string heddles must be inserted in front of the pick-up stick.

When you are using the pick-up stick, the heddle rod will slide forward to the back of the reed. This won’t cause any problem with the shed.

Remember to slide the pick-up stick back to the back of the loom when using the string heddle rod.

If you are getting a small shed in the plain weave sections check to make sure that the string heddles are all moved to the back of the loom.

Why Use String Heddles?

String heddles are best used when there are multiple pick-up sticks in a repeating pattern. You will see in many patterns that when 2 pick-up sticks are used, one is inserted and remains in the project for the entire weaving process. The second needs to be replaced each time it is needed. Every time you inset a stick, there is opportunity for error. Using string heddles means you only need to do it once. I will often weave the first repeat with just pick-up sticks. After examining the cloth and confirmed the pick-up stick is correctly inserted, I will add the string heddles. It’s easier to correct a misplaced pick-up stick than a misplaced string heddle.

It takes time to insert a pick-up stick. We aren’t running a marathon, and weaving should be fun, not time driven, but some patterns can mean more time is spent inserting the pick-up stick than weaving! Once we switch to string heddles things move a little faster.

Finally, string heddles open a whole new range of possibilities for you and your rigid heddle! Complex lace work suddenly becomes very possible!

Looking for some projects to try out string heddles? Check out these patterns:

Two Heddles For Sett

If you’ve been following me on social media you will know that I spent the summer playing with 2 heddles. I updated my double width blanket pattern, improved my twill skills and worked on 2 heddles for proper sett which is what I’m going to focus on today.

First, let’s talk about sett. Sett refers to how many threads are in an inch of warp. This is determined by your reed size. So if you are using a 7.5 dent reed and have one end in each slot and hole, your sett is 7.5. We can play with this little and most of us do this when we weave tea towels with 8/2 cotton doubled on a 10 dent reed. In this case, there are 2 ends in each slot and hole giving us technically 20 ends per inch (EPI), or a sett of 20. Since the pairs of threads move together as 1 end giving us more of a basket weave look than plain weave (even though we, as rigid heddle weavers still call this plain weave). And, we count the pairs as 1 end and put the sett at 10epi.

If we want a traditional 1 end up, one end down plain weave (also called Tabby in the floor loom world) we need to use 2 10 dent heddles. Tea towels with 2 heddles will give us a lighter feeling fabric…but because there are the same number of threads, they are just as absorbent. Plus, with 2 heddles, we can weave some interesting effects without needing to use pick-up sticks!

There are other reasons to use 2 heddles though. Sometimes a yarn looks like it will be great for weaving, but when you do the abrasion test, it fails! Using 2 heddles might solve this problem. When the yarn rubs in the heddles it can fuzz or fray and even break. Using a larger reed gives the yarn more space and it will fray less. But then the sett is too big. Two reeds can fix this! This scarf is set at 15epi. If I tried to thread this yarn in a 15 dent reed it would not work: the yarn would get jammed in the holes and become terribly fuzzy and likely break. It will work nicely in a 10 dent if you are careful. But for a heavier, warmer scarf, 2 7.5 dent reeds worked beautifully. The slots and holes are big enough to allow the yarn to move freely and I had no fuzzing at all (while I did have some on a 10 dent).

Now we know why you might want to use 2 heddles. What about warping and threading? Don’t be intimidated. Take your time and follow the instructions and it will be ok. It will take more time, and initially, much more concentration, but like everything, it gets easier as you practise.

Warping

You will need a double heddle block. These are standard with all newer Ashford and Schacht looms

Place the reed in the loom. It doesn’t matter if it is in the front of the back heddle block.

Thread each slot twice. This means there will be 4 ends in every slot. These 4 make one group and will be worked as a single group when threading the heddles.

Wind as usual. Tie slip knots in the warp after winding to ensure that if the reed falls off the loom, you haven’t lost all your threads!

Threading the Back Heddle

Place the heddle in the back position. Take 1 end from each slot and thread it through the hole to the right. Do this across the loom. When you are done, there should be 3 threads in every slot and 1 in every hole. The 3 threads in the slot and the thread in the hole to the right are 1 group. This will be important in the next step. As you work your way across the loom, remember to tie slip knots to protect the warp! (I have knocked the reed and lost all my threading, trust me, tie the slip knots!)

Threading The front Heddle

This one is a little more challenging. Take your time and remember to tie slip knots after every 3-4 groups. This way, if you make a mistake, you will know which 4 ends make 1 group.

Place the second heddle in the front block.

For the first bundle, take the three ends from the slot and thread them directly into the slot directly in front. (I count the slots to be sure, this is important as you don’t want the threads to be too angled from the back heddle to the front)

Now, take the 4th end of this group (the one in the back hole) and thread it through the slot to the right of the slot with 3 ends.

Take the 3 ends and thread 1 to the slot on the right (the one that has the thread from the back hole), 1 in the hole to the right and leave the last thread in the slot.

In the front reed you should now have, from right to left, 2 ends in 1 slot, 1 end in a hole and 1 end in a slot. This is the set up, and the hardest part. The rest is smooth sailing!

Grab the next group of 4 in the back heddle. Thread the end from the hole to the slot in front (the slot with 1 end). Take the next three ends and thread them slot, hole, slot. So the same slot you just threaded (It now has 3 ends) the hole to the left, and the slot to the left (that slot now has a single end)

Work your way across the loom. You should see 3 ends in every slot (except the first and last) and 1 end in each hole.

Done!

After tying on you will want to check for crossed threads between the heddles. If you find crosses, untie the relevant bundle and rethread the crossed ends (they will go back into the same slot or hole)

Writing this makes it seem very complicated. Here’s a couple videos that hopefully will make everything clear!

https://youtu.be/yj6i_TA2D4g Threading the back heddle

https://youtu.be/egaN-ru2Br8 Threading the front heddle

Weaving is easy! For plain weave, the heddles work together…both heddles up. both heddles down. If you are using a pick-up stick, insert it the same way as usual, and use as you normally would. There are a few things to remember when adding pick-up sticks, I’ll get them written out in a separate post.

Looking for a project? This is a scarf I did as a weaving class (so the pattern has been test woven and approved!). This is geared to the weaver that has experience with pick-up sticks and wants to add an extra heddle to the mix!

https://www.therogueweaver.com/new-products/2cubedscarfrigidheddlepattern

 PS Are you interested in test weaving? Stay tuned for more details!

9 Tools You Need To Add to Your Weaving Kit

One of the best things about crafty people is how we make do with what we have. This means rooting through our junk drawers, craft supplies and even the tool chest to find just the right tool to accomplish the job. Today we’re going to look at some of my favourite everyday tools that I use weaving.

1. Elastic Bands

You know how when you direct warp everything looks great when you start, but when you keep warping the first ends start to sag? As you begin to warp, the back warping stick is pulled by the warp towards the reed. But only by 1 pair of ends. Its isn’t very firm. However, as you add more warp, the stick has more and more pressure added so it pulled more toward the reed. This causes the beginning of the warp to sag. It isn’t really a problem, particularly if you use the crank and yank method of winding or a tensioning devise. But if you like a neat tidy look or walking your loom to the pegs, you might want too eliminate the sag. And it’s such an easy fix!! All you need are 2 elastic bands. The elastics from asparagus are perfect and you might have them in your junk drawer. Simply stretch one from the back warping stick to the reed on each end. Just remember to take them off before you start winding!

2. S-Hooks and Metal Washers

No matter how careful I am to keep my tension even, I still have the occasional warp end that is just a little bit looser than the rest. Or I’ve caught my shuttle on it and pulled it loose. Or I missed a slot and needed to add extra warp after winding. Or the pattern makes some ends looser. Or just because a tighter end slot makes for a neater selvedge. You can never have too many S-hooks. I use 2” S-hooks, they seem to be heavy enough to use with out needing any extra weight. Smaller ones may need metal washers for extra weight. S-hooks are my favourite weights because they slip onto the warp so easily and do not need adjusting when winding forward.

3. Weights

I use 5-7lb barbells, but heavy books, bags of Flour, Rice, Kitty Litter or any other heavy thing will work. If you direct warp using a stand and you have a wider loom (24-32”) you may notice that the loom slides when you do a wide warp. Weights on the cross bar of the stand will prevent this. If you are warping to a chair or stool, you may want to weight it as well.

4. Camera

Your phone camera can be your best friend (or your worst enemy) when weaving. In fact, this deserves a whole post on its own, but here’s a few of the ways you can use your camera. Take pictures of the beginning of your work…paying special attention to the yarn, including the labels and colourway, reed size and how you began the weave (hemstitch, how many ends, how long a hem before starting the pattern). Take pictures of the placement of the pick-up sticks. Take pictures of colour changes and at what measurement they happened at. Also take pictures as you weave…the camera will point out mistakes that your eye has missed!

5. Electric Drill and Chopstick

I love using boat shuttles with my rigid heddle. Boat shuttles are particularly useful of you have a small space to weave in. However, boat shuttles means winding bobbins. I use my electic drill to wind bobbins, For regular bobbins I use a drill bit with paper wrapped around it and taped to be sure the bobbins fits snugly. I have a chop stick that fits my Handywoman bobbin perfectly. You can also get a dowel from a hardware store. (Make sure to bring your bobbins with you)

6. Spring Wood Clamps

I love these clamps! They work for clamping your loom and your peg and I think they are easier to use and stronger than the clamps that come with the loom. I clamp my warping pegs to a counter, stool or chair. If I want to take my loom off the stand to warp, I can use the clamps to firmly clamp it to a counter or table.

7. Painter’s Tape and a Magic Marker

I use painters tape a lot! And a magic marker works best for writing on it. Here’s just a few of the ways I use the tape: labeling my pick-up sticks, writing the pick-up pattern on the stick, writing the warping pattern on my reed, writing my weaving pattern on the reed. If you have to rethread to a different reed, pull the warp tight and lay a piece of tape across the warp behind the reed. When you take the reed off, all the threads will be kept in order for easy threading of the new reed. Finally, preventing string heddle from falling of a stick or dowel.

8. Bees Wax Candle

I expect any candle, or even a bar of soap would work. But I like bees wax candles. They smell nice and are naturel. My Ashford loom can be a little squeaky. And sometimes the reed seems to stick in the heddle block a bit. A little rub of wax makes everything move more smoothly and quietly.

9. Hair brush

Yup, a regular old hair brush! I use it to brush out my fringe before trimming and twisting.

So, these are some of my favourite non-weaving weaving tools. Do you have some favourite tools?

 Also, don’t forget to sign up for my newsletter so you can keep up to date on the latest patterns and blog posts.

Creating Beautiful Scarves With Your Stash Part 2

In the last post we looked at weaving your stash using a standard reed. This post will look at weaving with the varident reed.

First, let’s discuss varident reeds. These reeds have interchangeable pieces so you can arrange it just the way you like. All three major rigid heddle companies deal with the reeds differently. Ashford gives the widest range of dent sizes, 2.5 all the way up to 15 dpi. It includes 2” and 4” pieces. Schacht has sections that at 2 3/8” each in sizes 5-12. Kromski gives the weaver the most organizational options. Each piece has 1 hole, and a unique snap-together format allows the weaver to arrange the pieces however they want. Dent size ranges from 8-12. They also call this reed the “Weaver’s Choice”.

Reeds are specific to the loom, however I have heard that Kromski and Ashford reeds are interchangeable. (I haven’t experimented, so I suggest you take your loom in for a “fitting” before purchasing if possible).

Now that we know what a varident reed is, lets see how you can weave your stash.

Step 1

Gather up your yarn. This time anything goes! Don’t worry about keeping the weights similar. Take a look at this post to help you choose your yarns: https://www.therogueweaver.com/blog/2023/7/21/creating-beautiful-scarves-with-your-stash-part-1

Step 2

Sort your yarns by weight and place the reed pieces with the appropriate weight yarn. Not sure which is the best reed? Check out this post: https://www.therogueweaver.com/blog/2019/3/8/design-your-own-shawl-pt-2-choosing-the-right-reed  I take a picture of the yarns with their corresponding reed sizes.

Step 3

Decide what order to place your yarns. I prefer keeping the heaviest yarns on the outside. It’s a personal thing, but I think it makes a good visual in the finished scarf. Play around here. Take into consideration how much of each given yarn you have when choosing where to put each yarn and if you have a choice, which reed width to use. You don’t want to run out. After I have my pieces arranged, I take a picture with the yarns. Having a picture means that if the pieces get knocked askew you have a record of what you decided and can see if the yarns look pleasing in the order arranged. Place the pieces in the reed according to the directions that come with the reed.

Step 4

Consider your weft. For these scarves I like using the same in the weft as in the warp. I weave them randomly. It gives a saori-style weave. I start and finish with the heaviest yarn. Pay attention to how much yarn you have available…you don’t want to run out of a weft yarn too soon. I always save a little of the heaviest yarn to ensure I have enough to weave the final bit of the scarf with the same yarn I started with.

Step 5

Warp and weave! You will want to pay extra attention when winding the warp. Different yarns will behave differently as you wind. I use a combination of walking my loom to my pegs and crank and yank. But have some S-hooks handy, you will probably need a few!

Finishing

I hemstitch the fringe, but I do not twist the fringe. Some weavers will frown on this as being unfinished. While it is true that a twisted fringe looks more finished and wears better, I think a fringe with so many different weights looks odd. And I love the way a fringe looks with all the different yarns! (There is a reason I call myself The Rogue Weaver!)

To wet finish I soak in hot water and then send through the spin cycle only in my washing machine. I then toss in the dryer for 5 minutes…set a timer and do not walk away!!!!

When the scarf is mostly dry, press using a hot iron and steam (skip this step is your yarn is acrylic!) and trim the ends. Use a hairbrush to gently brush the fringe and trim.

Enjoy your scarf!

Need a pattern to get you started? Take a look at this: https://www.therogueweaver.com/new-products/saori-stylescarfrigidheddleweavingpattern

Creating Beautiful Scarves with Your Stash Part 1

Some of my favourite projects have been woven with yarns in my stash. Well, in theory it all comes from my stash. In reality I always need to buy at least one more skein. Please tell me you understand!

Multi warp weaves are fun and are a great way to use up all the little bits that aren’t enough for a project but too much to throw away. Today I’ll walk you through how I put together a multi warp scarf using a standard reed. I like a 10 or 12.5, but it will depend on the yarns you are choosing.

On a side note, you need to be in the right place mentally for these warps! They can be super easy but more likely they will have trouble spots. Usually there are a couple of areas that want to stick or have tension issues. Prepare yourself for a slower weave with some finger work to clear sheds, particularly if you are using mohair or textured yarns. After you have seen the results of your first scarf, you won’t mind the extra work at all!

Step 1 Gather Your Yarn

Gather up the yarns you could use. This may involve gathering up all your ends, or maybe you have a skein that you want to use but it isn’t enough for the width you want. After you have gathered all the yarns, lay them out and sort them by weight. Lace, fingering, DK/Worsted, bulky and super bulky. Since we are using a standard reed and not a vari-dent, you will need to narrow down your selection to similar weights. Lace and fingering can work together, fingering and DK/worsted or DK/worsted and bulky.

Of course, you can double some of your yarns to fit a larger reed. You can also space heavier yarns to fit. Heavier yarns will usually be fine in a slot but not in a hole, so it is possible to warp the holes with one yarn and the slots with another.

Step 2 Sort Your Yarn

After you have gathered all your yarn and sorted it, take a look at what you have. Do the colours look ok? If you are working on a monochromatic scarf, do all the colours blend well? If for example you have decided on a blue, and most of the blues are on the blue/green side a blue/purple might not fit. If you have a multi mixed in, do you need to add an extra colour from the multi to pull things together? Does your scarf need a “pop” colour? The “spice” blend above was quite dull until I added the gold. Pinterest colour schemes is my favourite place to go when I’m not sure of my colour scheme.

Don’t forget to consider how each yarn will finish. Mixing super-wash and non-super-wash can lead to interesting results as can mixing linen, silk, wool, alpaca cotton ect. Keeping the stripes narrow will reduce surprises. On the other hand, strategically placing a super-wash amidst the non-super-wash can create lovely scalloped ends on your scarf.

Step 3 Choose Your weft

For these scarves I like to use a thin weft so the warp shines. I also like to use the same weft through the whole project. My favourites are:

Mohair (Handmaiden Angel Hair, or Super Kid Silk, Rowan Super Kid, Malabrigo Mohair)

8/2 tencel, I get if from Maurice Brassard. It has a lovely shine and comes in so many colours;

Bamboo Cotton, again Maurice Brassard. The shine is a little less than Tencel.

8/2 cotton, again from Maurice Brassard. This has a matte finish, and there is every colour available!

Any lace weight yarn. If your warp is mostly slippery yarns use a woolie lace. If you warp is mostly sticky yarns, silk or other slippery yarns will work well.

Step 4 Warp and Weave!

Now it’s time to warp! I place all my yarns on the floor behind my loom and warp randomly. As a general rule, I do not cut and tie. However, if my yarns start to tangle, I will, just to save my sanity! It helps if you keep your balls of yarn spread far apart. Also, working from the center of the ball rather than the outside will help. You will have lots of crossed threads behind the reed which will pose no problem until the end. Here’s my solution: https://youtu.be/vPPT_RXdqb4                                       

If you have some yarns that you want in slots only, remember this while warping and then also while threading the heddle.

You will need to pay special attention to winding. With many warp yarns, things can get a little sticky. Just keep an eye on that’s happening in front of the reed. I use a combination of walking my loom to the pegs and crank and yank for these shawls to ensure the best tension possible.

After the first inch or so of weaving, you will know which yarns are going to give you trouble. Add S-hooks as needed and use your fingers and shuttle to clear the sheds. If you have mohair in the warp, it sheds as you weave. The shedded fluff can gather behind the reed, clear this out regularly.

I hemstitch, usually in bundles of 4 and don’t twist the fringe. I love the look of all the different yarns flowing together. You can rub in something like fray check if you want. I have never done this.

Wet Finish

Wet finish however you usually do. My method is to soak in hot water, send the scarf through the spin cycle ONLY in my washing machine then toss in the dry for 5 minutes. I tie the fringe in loose slip knots to prevent tangling. After drying you may need to gently tease apart some sections of the fringe.

The final step is to trim the fringe and press. I use a hair brush to gently brush the fringe then cut using my cutting mat and rotary cutter. Don’t skip the pressing, it really makes a difference!

Enjoy your scarf! (and go buy more yarn, after all you used your stash!)

Twill On A Rigid Heddle Part 2

Today we’re going to look at how to warp and thread your rigid heddle for a basic twill. 

Before we get there though, a few words of encouragement. Weaving should be fun. When you go to your loom you should look forward to it find it relaxing. If you find yourself forcing yourself to the loom figure out why that is. Is it the project, the yarn, the colour? Is the project too challenging so you can’t relax? Is it because you feel like you “should” do something? Plain weave is beautiful, and if that is what you love, don’t let someone make you feel less because you haven’t “moved past” the beginner stage. There is so much beauty to be found in plain weave, and if you plain weave for the rest of your weaving life, you are a successful weaver!

Ok, back to twill…

Warping is easy…warp just like you would for any other single heddle project. Two threads for every slot. I don’t recommend trying to double the ends when you are first beginning, stick to 1 thread equals 1 slot.

The interesting (challenging!) part comes in the threading. How you thread the slots and holes creates the pattern. For the purposes of this post (and all my patterns!) here’s how I write the patterns.

0 = the hole in the reed

| = the slot of the reed

When I use the symbols, the first symbol always matches the back reed (the reed closest to the back of the loom). The second symbol always refers to the front heddle, the heddle that is closest to the weaver.

So, 0 | means that the yarn is going through the hole in the back reed and the slot in the front reed.

There are three ways that a yarn can go through the 2 reeds. Each represents 1 shaft.

Shaft 1: | 0 back slot, front hole

Shaft 2:  0 | back hole, front slot

Shaft 3:  | | back slot, front slot

Pay attention to these things:

When threading from slot to slot, thread to the slot immediately in front of the back slot.

Some slots will have more than 1 end.

Note the crossed threads. I had to undo and rethread this section.

Sometimes slots and holes will be skipped.

As you thread, keep an eye on what is happening between the reeds. The threads should not be crossed and they should travel in a relatively straight line…of course when going from a slot to a hole there will be a slight angle, but only very slight. If you are repeating a pattern across the loom, you should see a regular pattern in the front and the back heddle. For example, a basic 1, 2, 3, you will see a pattern on the front heddle…2 holes, empty hole, 2 holes, empty hole across the reed. The slots will also have a repeating pattern. Seeing this pattern will help you as you check your work.

I always tie my warp so it can’t fall out of the heddle!

I work in small bundles. For a 1, 2, 3 threading I will work with 6 ends at a time (3 slots). After I have threaded those 6 ends, I tie a slip knot and move to the next 6 ends. This makes it easier for me to know where I am in the pattern as well as protects my work if a reed gets knocked loose!

A basic straight twill is threaded 1, 2, 3, repeat or 3, 2, 1, repeat

For weaving there are 3 positions for the reed. Each represents 1 shed. Here is how to read my symbols. Each shed is shown using 2 symbols. The first symbol refers to the front reed, the second symbol to the back reed.

Shed 1: 🡩-- front heddle up, back heddle in neutral

Shed 2: --🡩 front heddle neutral, back heddle up

Shed 3: 🡫🡫both heddles down

A basic twill is woven 1, 2, 3 repeat or 3, 2, 1 repeat.

To weave, begin in shed 1, slide the weft through. Use the front heddle to press the weft into place. Set the front heddle in the neutral position;

Lift the back heddle into the up shed, pass the weft through, use the front heddle to press the weft into place, let the front heddle hang on the warp;

Place the back heddle in the down position, place the front heddle in the down position, pass the weft through and use the front heddle to press into place, Let the front heddle hang;

Place the back heddle in the neutral position and the front heddle in the up position.

And that is how to weave a basic twill. Here’s a video to help: https://youtu.be/Bo6yKNvyVEw and another one here: https://youtu.be/awN1tQSAdho

Next up we’ll look at creating different patterns (herringbone and point twill I hope 😊).

Weaving Twill On a Rigid Heddle Part 1

Rigid Heddle Weaving Patterns: Explore Beautiful Weaving Scarf Patterns for Twill Weaving

For the past few weeks I’ve been working on some 2 heddle patterns. This means I’m (re)learning how to use 2 heddles! My plan is to have 3 patterns ready for September classes: Twill, Double Width and 2 heddles for Proper Sett.

Today I’m going to talk about twill. I’ve been focused on sticking to 2 heddles only, no pick-up sticks or string heddles. This allows me to have 3 sheds. Weaving twill with 3 sheds creates a 2/1 twill. This means that the weft goes under 2 warps and over 1.

Three sheds can do a lot! Here are some samples I’ve woven. I’ve been playing with different threadings: 123, 123, 123; 321, 321, 321; 123, 1, 321, 3; 123, 2, 123, 123, 2, 123 and more.

This piece is called a twill gamp. It shows the different threadings and how the pattern forms with different weaving sequences. You can see each section where I changed the threading and the order of the picks (treadling). You can also see where I’ve made mistakes!! Because this was a practise piece, I didn’t go back and fix the mistakes. I did however keep track of the threading patterns and the weaving patterns so I can weave the individual patterns again.

Plain weave is beautiful, and twill on a rigid heddle is a challenge, so why do it? Twill makes for a denser fabric with out losing drape. In fact it is likely to drape better than plain weave. Twill makes a nice fabric for cutting and sewing.

You can tell the difference between twill and plain weave just by looking. Plain weave will look the same on both sides. The weft goes over 1 under 1 and creates a square look. Twill on the other hand will look different on each side. It also has a distinctive diagonal rib pattern. On a well woven twill, the diagonal will be a 45 degree angel. Twill also has a lighter and darker side.

While it’s true threading for twill can test your patience, especially as you are learning, the weaving itself is quite smooth and easy. I like to use painter’s tape to write the weaving sequence and stick it to my reed.

Over the next few posts I’ll be talking more about 2 heddle weaving. Next up, we’ll take a closer look at the threading process.

Fringe Twisting

Fringe twisting is just one more step in finishing your weaving. And just like every other thing in the weaving process, you need to think about your fringe before the project ever gets on the loom. Let’s look at fringe generally first.

Why twist? The most important reason is because it looks nice and stays looking nice. An untwisted fringe looks great when it is freshly trimmed and pressed. After that the yarns begin to unravel, shred, tangle and, let’s face it, start looking a bit ratty. If you are making something for baby, a blanket for example, long thin threads can wrap around little fingers and cut off circulation.

There are times you may decide not to fringe twist. Sometimes the yarn is so beautiful you want the colours to shine (I can’t bear to twist Handmaidens’ Maiden Hair) Or the fringe will look too heavy for the item. When I make loose gauzy mohair wraps, I don’t twist. And of course, there are other ways of finishing a fringe that don’t require twisting…various types of knots for example.

As I said earlier, fringe begins before the yarn goes on the loom. Fringe is made with the loom waste. That means when you are calculating warp you do not have to add extra for fringe but on the other hand, when you tie on, you want to leave enough waste to have the desired length of fringe. This is never and issue for me, I always have enough! Also, be sure that when you cut your work off the loom that you have left enough for fringe.

Having a fringe requires a hemstitch. Well, you could do it without a hemstitch, but it will look much better if you have hemstitched. So, when you hemstitch, think about how many ends you want in each bundle and hemstitch accordingly. Fingering weight I usually hemstitch in bundles of 4 and do a 2x2 fringe twist.

And now, what you have all been waiting for…the actual fringe twisting, step by step!

You will need: t-pins, something to stick your pins into (foam blocks work well) a ruler and sharp scissors.

1.       Trim your fringe (remember that it will be shorter after twisting so don’t over trim) I use a rotary cutter and mat for this step.

2.       It works best if you have your work anchored.  Pin the edge of your work to the foam blocks…don’t skimp on the pins!

3.       Clip the yarn into your fringe twister (I love my Leclerc quad) If I’m doing a 2x2 fringe I’ll take my first bundle of 4, divide it into 2 groups of 2 and place each group of 2 in one clip. With my quad twister I can do 2 bundles at a time.

4.       Start twisting! Count the number of turns (this will vary depending on the yarn and the length of the fringe. Counting will ensure your fringe looks uniform across the work.

5.       Hold the ends of 2 bundles and unclip. Tie a knot in the bottom and release. Gaze in awe as the yarn twists around itself.

6.       After the first bundle is twisted, have a look. Is it twisted enough? Not enough? Do you like the length? Adjust as needed, then continue across the work . Repeat for the other side. Keep your ruler handy to make sure you are making the fringe the same length. Knotting a little higher or little lower can have a big impact!

7.       Check to be sure the fringe is even and knots are tight. Trim close to knot.

You now have a lovely fringe that will keep your scarf, or blanket or table runner, or whatever you have woven, looking beautiful for years of use!

Dealing with Pesky Loose Ends

I’ve been working with linen lately. I’m finding it slippery, unforgiving, and tricky as warp! The first time I warped and tied on just as usual. Everything went well until the first time I wound forward. Everything went loose! Next time I paid extra special attention to winding on and checking tension. Again, everything was fine until I wound forward the first time and again, everything went loose. Third time I tried using 2 heddles. I think I need to practice more with 1 heddle before I try that again!

Loose threads are not the end of the world. Those loose ends can be fixed. Today I’ll give 2 of my favourite tips for loose threads.

Have you ever warped, tied on, then found when the heddle is in the downshed all the lower threads are crazy loose? I find this happens most often with warps with little to no stretch…cotton, linen, silk. First thing, be sure when you are winding and tying on all the threads are even in the heddle (slots and holes should be side by side).

If you’ve done that and you still have a problem it is super easy to fix. Place the heddle in the down shed, place a shuttle or pickup stick in the shed behind the heddle. Slide to the back warp beam. Slide the stick back each time you wind forward. Problem solved!

2.       Sometimes there are just 1 or 2 threads that are loose. You can pay extra attention to those spots while weaving to be sure your shuttle goes over and under the troublesome ends or you can fix the problem for good. Simply hang an s-hook on the offending end and let it hang behind the back warp beam. You can add extra s-hooks to give extra weight as needed. I generally add s-hooks to the first and last end when weaving with cotton. I find it helps keep my selvedges tidy.

These 2 tricks mean I never need to deal with loose ends…and neither do you!

Happy Weaving!

Hemming

I make a lot of tea towels and dish cloths. That means I also sew a lot of hems! This post will take you through my steps to making hemming easy so those towels don’t languish in the “need to be finished” pile.

A good hem starts on the loom. I think about my hem before I ever start weaving. I want both hems to took the same so the first thing I think about is colour. If my weft is all one colour, it’s easy, my hems will be the same colour. If I’m using multiple colours, I need to choose a colour. If I’ve used a border colour that will become my hem colour. Otherwise, I use the darkest colour, or white no particular, reason, just because.

The next thing I think about is cotton weight. Most of my towels use 2/8 cotton doubled. For my hems, I use 2/8 single even if the main weaving will be 2/8 doubled. This makes for a lighter hem that does not add a lot of bulk. My sewing machine thanks me! When I use chenille or boucle or slub I will still use 2/8 cotton if I have the right colour. I also press my weft in tightly…usually 15 threads for each inch woven. I weave 2-2 1/4” per hem. I do not hemstitch my towels ever.

I never warp just 1 towel, I always warp for at least 2, sometimes 4. Usually 2 because I can get bored with 4! Doing more than one towel means I need to know the end of one and the beginning of the next. I just weave in 2 picks of a contrasting cotton.

When I take my work off the loom, I take it straight to my sewing machine. I sew a straight stitch at either end to secure the weft. Then I will sew a straight stitch on either side of the contrasting threads. I’ll cut all ends leaving 1” or so hanging and trim the extra warp again, leaving about a 1” fringe. I do not cut my towels apart yet.

Next, it’s bath time. Tea towels and dish cloths are meant to stand up to hard wear. They get thrown in hot water and soap for a regular cycle, then dried on high.

Next comes pressing, which can be a whole post on its own. Pressing is literally pressing the iron on the work, hold for 15 seconds or so then pick up the iron and move it to the next spot. Don’t iron as normal, sliding the iron back and forth across the work, as you may distort the weave (straight lines may become wavy). While pressing, trim all remaining ends flush to work and remove any remaining fringe. You won’t want to, but press both sides. Cut the towels apart by cutting between the 2 contrasting threads and remove those threads.

Now finally we get to the actual hem! Flip towel to wrong side. Turn end over about a ½” and press. Turn again and press so that the raw edge cannot be seen. I try to line up the hem so it just hits the beginning of the actual towel. Press firmly. Repeat for the other side of the towel, being sure you are working with the wrong side up. Make sure your threads line up, particularly at the colour changes.

Sew hem with a straight stitch and press once more. I love my walking foot for this task. Alternatively, you can hand sew your hem with 2/8 cotton. Give your towels a final press

Hemming is a lot of work, but a well sewn hem can make or break a towel.